In certain respects, Guangdong romanization resembles the Mandarin Hanyu pinyin in its distinction of the s ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' from the initials ''j'', ''q'', ''x'', and in its use of ''b'', ''d'', ''g'' to represent the unaspirated plosive consonants . In addition, it makes use of the ''u'' in the before the rather than representing it as ''w'' in the initial when it follows ''g'' or ''k''.
Guangdong romanization makes use of diacritics to represent certain vowels. This includes the use of the circumflex, acute accent, and in the letters ''ê'', ''é'', and ''ü'', respectively. In addition, it uses ''-b'', ''-d'', ''-g'' to represent the consonants rather than ''-p'', ''-t'', ''-k'' like other romanization schemes in order to be consistent with their use as unaspirated plosives in the initial. s are marked by superscript numbers rather than by diacritics.
Cantonese
The scheme for Standard Cantonese is outlined in "The Cantonese Transliteration Scheme" . It is referred to as the Canton Romanization on the LSHK . Although not as popular as other Cantonese romanization schemes such as , Standard Cantonese Pinyin Schemes and Jyutping, it is still used in certain publications, particularly in works released in the People's Republic of China regarding Cantonese.
Initials
Unlike the other Cantonese romanziation schemes, Guangdong romanization indicates a difference between the alveolar consonants ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' and the alveolo-palatal consonants ''j'', ''q'', ''x''. Standard Cantonese typically does not differentiate these two types of consonants because they are allophones that occur in complementary distributions. However, speech patterns of most Cantonese speakers do utilize both types of consonants and the romanization scheme attempts to reflect this.
* ''z'', ''c'', and ''s'' are used before finals beginning with ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', ''u'', ''ê'', and ''é''.
* ''j'', ''q'', and ''x'' are used before finals beginning with ''i'' and ''ü''.
Some publications may not bother with this distinction and will choose just one set or the other to represent these consonants.
Finals
Finals consist of an optional medial and an obligatory rime.
Medials
The only recognized medial in the Cantonese Guangdong romanization is ''u'', which occurs in syllables with initials ''g'' or ''k'' and rimes that begin with ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', or ''o''. In other romanization schemes, this medial is usually grouped along with the initial as ''gw'' and ''kw'', but Guangdong romanization attempts to preserve it as a medial. For simplicity, the ''u'' is sometimes grouped with the initials anyway as ''gu'' and ''ku''.
The ''u'' medial can occur without an initial, but in that case it is considered the same as the initial ''w''. The same is true for the medial ''i'', which is only recognized as the initial ''y''.
Rimes
* When ''i'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''y'' is used as the initial.
* When ''u'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''w'' is used as the initial.
* When ''ü'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''y'' is used as the initial and the umlaut is omitted.
* When ''ü'' begins a rime in a syllable with initial ''j'', ''q'', or ''x'', the umlaut is omitted.
* The rime ''êü'' can be written as ''êu'', without the umlaut over the ''u''.
* The rimes ''m'' and ''ng'' can only be used as standalone syllables.
Tones
There are nine in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese.
In Guangdong Romanization, one may represent the entering tones either together with tones 1, 3, and 6, as in the other Cantonese romanization schemes, or separately as tones 7, 8, and 9. Syllables with entering tones correspond to those ending in ''-b'', ''-d'', or ''-g''.
Examples
Teochew
The scheme for the dialect of Min Nan is outlined in "The Teochew Transliteration Scheme" . This scheme is often referred to as Peng'im, which is the Teochew pronunciation of ''pinyin''.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Teochew article.
Hakka
The scheme for is outlined in "The Hakka Transliteration Scheme" . The scheme describes the Meixian dialect, which is generally regarded as the de facto standard dialect of Hakka.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Hakka Chinese article.
Hainanese
The scheme for Hainanese is outlined in "The Hainanese Transliteration Scheme" .
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