The Utsuls are a tiny ethnic group which lives on the island of Hainan and are considered one of the People's Republic of China's . They are found on the southernmost tip of Hainan near the city of Sanya. According to the traditions of the Utsuls, their ancestors were Muslims who migrated southward out of Central Asia into their present day location. However, they are thought to be descendants of refugees who fled their homeland in what is now southern Vietnam to escape from Vietnamese invasion.
While most of the Chams who fled Champa went to neighbouring Cambodia, a small business class fled northwards. How they came to acquire the name Utsul is unknown.
Although they are culturally distinct from their neighbours, the Chinese government places them as members of the nationality. However, from reports by Hans Stübel, the German ethnographer who "discovered" them in the 1930s, their language is completely unrelated to any other language spoken in mainland China. They are speakers of the Tsat language, which is one of the few Malayo-Polynesian languages that is . In any case, they share nothing more but religion with other Hui people.
Friday, October 10, 2008
Tianya Haijiao
Tianya Haijiao is a popular resort in the southern part of Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. It is located 24 km to the west of Sanya's Municipal Area.
The venue is considered the south-most point of China's land area, therefore many tourists also come for sight-seeing. To the south of the Cape is the South China Seas and some islets are in the sight, providing a marvellous view to visitors when the weather is fine.
In Chinese literature, the cape is mentioned in many famous poems, such as "''I will follow you to Tian-Ya-Hai-Jiao''", which means the couple will never be separated. Therefore many newlyweds spend part of their honeymoon visiting the place, just like young Indian couples visiting the Taj Mahal Palace in Agra.
*The Rocks of Sun and Moon are two boulders near hundreds of other uniquely shaped rocks. Here the "Sun" refers to "husband" and the "Moon" refers to "wife". Looking from the distance, they resemble a couple entwined to each other but they are in fact separate rocks.
*Southern Heaven Rock , a boulder near the Rock of Sun and Moon, with a famous poem of Fan Yun-Ti inscribed on its top.
* Tian-Ya Cliff , with inscription of Cheng Zhe's writing on its top.
* Pre-Historic Shell Museum
* , the English site is currently under construction.
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The venue is considered the south-most point of China's land area, therefore many tourists also come for sight-seeing. To the south of the Cape is the South China Seas and some islets are in the sight, providing a marvellous view to visitors when the weather is fine.
In Chinese literature, the cape is mentioned in many famous poems, such as "''I will follow you to Tian-Ya-Hai-Jiao''", which means the couple will never be separated. Therefore many newlyweds spend part of their honeymoon visiting the place, just like young Indian couples visiting the Taj Mahal Palace in Agra.
Popular tourist attractions
*The Rocks of Sun and Moon are two boulders near hundreds of other uniquely shaped rocks. Here the "Sun" refers to "husband" and the "Moon" refers to "wife". Looking from the distance, they resemble a couple entwined to each other but they are in fact separate rocks.
*Southern Heaven Rock , a boulder near the Rock of Sun and Moon, with a famous poem of Fan Yun-Ti inscribed on its top.
* Tian-Ya Cliff , with inscription of Cheng Zhe's writing on its top.
* Pre-Historic Shell Museum
External References
* , the English site is currently under construction.
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TCL Classic
The TCL Classic was a men's professional golf which was played on a by Robert Trent Jones, Jr. at Yalong Bay Golf Club in Sanya on Hainan Island, People's Republic of China four times between 2002 and 2007.
The tournament was first played in , when, as an event sanctioned by the Asian Tour, it was won by Colin Montgomerie. The event was not held in 2003 or 2004 but was reintroduced in with co-sanctioning from the consistent with the latter's expansion to China, in which more Tour events are played than in any other country save the United Kingdom. In , the tournament offered a of 1,000,000, which fund was one of the smallest amongst those of European Tour events. The TCL Classic was dropped from the 2008 schedule.
The tournament was first played in , when, as an event sanctioned by the Asian Tour, it was won by Colin Montgomerie. The event was not held in 2003 or 2004 but was reintroduced in with co-sanctioning from the consistent with the latter's expansion to China, in which more Tour events are played than in any other country save the United Kingdom. In , the tournament offered a of 1,000,000, which fund was one of the smallest amongst those of European Tour events. The TCL Classic was dropped from the 2008 schedule.
Winners
Qiongshan District
Qiongshan is one of the four which make up the city of Haikou, the capital of Hainan province of the People's Republic of China.
Qiongshan dialect of Lingao is spoken in Qiongshan.
Hai Rui, a Ming Dynasty official, after who Hai Rui Park is named, was from Qiongshan. Chen Yuyi, Chairman of CPPCC Hainan Provincial Committee, was born in Qiongshan in 1936.
Qiongshan dialect of Lingao is spoken in Qiongshan.
Hai Rui, a Ming Dynasty official, after who Hai Rui Park is named, was from Qiongshan. Chen Yuyi, Chairman of CPPCC Hainan Provincial Committee, was born in Qiongshan in 1936.
List of prisons in Hainan Province
This is a list of prisons within Hainan province of the People's Republic of China.
*Danxian Prison
*Ding'an Prison
*Haikou Prison
*Ledong Prison
*Meilan Prison
*Provincial Juvenile Offenders Department Fengxiang Prison
*Qionghai Prison
*Qiongshan Prison
*Sanya Prison
*Danxian Prison
*Ding'an Prison
*Haikou Prison
*Ledong Prison
*Meilan Prison
*Provincial Juvenile Offenders Department Fengxiang Prison
*Qionghai Prison
*Qiongshan Prison
*Sanya Prison
List of administrative divisions of Hainan
Hainan
The political divisions of Hainan are:
* Two prefecture-level cities:
** Haikou City , subdivided into four county-level :
*** Longhua District
*** Xiuying District
*** Qiongshan District
*** Meilan District
** Sanya City
* Sixteen county-level divisions directly under the province, with no intermediate prefecture level:
** Six county-level cities:
*** Wenchang City
*** Qionghai City
*** Wanning City
*** Wuzhishan City
*** Dongfang City
*** Danzhou City
** Four :
*** Lingao County
*** Chengmai County
*** Ding'an County
*** Tunchang County
** Six :
*** Changjiang Li Autonomous County
*** Baisha Li Autonomous County
*** Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County
*** Lingshui Li Autonomous County
*** Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County
*** Ledong Li Autonomous County
There is also the Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority, which oversees the South China Sea Islands: the Xisha , Zhongsha , and Nansha . The Spratlys are in reality disputed and divided among China and several neighbouring countries, while the Macclesfield Bank is claimed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China , and Vietnam, but administered by no one.
The cities and counties of Hainan are divided into 218 township-level divisions, including 181 s, twenty s, and seventeen subdistricts.
The political divisions of Hainan are:
* Two prefecture-level cities:
** Haikou City , subdivided into four county-level :
*** Longhua District
*** Xiuying District
*** Qiongshan District
*** Meilan District
** Sanya City
* Sixteen county-level divisions directly under the province, with no intermediate prefecture level:
** Six county-level cities:
*** Wenchang City
*** Qionghai City
*** Wanning City
*** Wuzhishan City
*** Dongfang City
*** Danzhou City
** Four :
*** Lingao County
*** Chengmai County
*** Ding'an County
*** Tunchang County
** Six :
*** Changjiang Li Autonomous County
*** Baisha Li Autonomous County
*** Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County
*** Lingshui Li Autonomous County
*** Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County
*** Ledong Li Autonomous County
There is also the Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority, which oversees the South China Sea Islands: the Xisha , Zhongsha , and Nansha . The Spratlys are in reality disputed and divided among China and several neighbouring countries, while the Macclesfield Bank is claimed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China , and Vietnam, but administered by no one.
The cities and counties of Hainan are divided into 218 township-level divisions, including 181 s, twenty s, and seventeen subdistricts.
Hainanese (ethnic group)
The Hainanese is a Chinese ethnic group, originating from Hainan Island .
The Hainanese are considered a subgroup of the much larger Han ethnicity .
Much of the population of the Hainanese people, along with the Hakka, and peoples is now in diaspora. In many Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia they were never the dominant Chinese ethnic group.
Most Hainanese people were originally from the Fujian and Guangdong provinces who later settled in the island of . Towards the turn of the 20th century, many of them migrated to the various Southeast Asian countries where they worked as cooks, restaurateurs, coffeeshop owners, sailors and hoteliers. In fact, the person who actually created the world-famous Singapore Sling at the renowned Singapore Raffles Hotel, Mr. Ngiam Tong Boon, was himself a Hainanese.
The Hainanese are also known for their signature dishes such as the Hainanese Chicken Rice, Hainanese Pork Chops, Hainanese Mutton Soup, Hainanese Salted Fish Soup and Beef Noodle Soup. In Singapore, one can find some of these signature dishes served at the various eateries located along Purvis Street - which is often referred to as "Singapore's Hainan Street".
The Hainanese are considered a subgroup of the much larger Han ethnicity .
Much of the population of the Hainanese people, along with the Hakka, and peoples is now in diaspora. In many Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia they were never the dominant Chinese ethnic group.
Most Hainanese people were originally from the Fujian and Guangdong provinces who later settled in the island of . Towards the turn of the 20th century, many of them migrated to the various Southeast Asian countries where they worked as cooks, restaurateurs, coffeeshop owners, sailors and hoteliers. In fact, the person who actually created the world-famous Singapore Sling at the renowned Singapore Raffles Hotel, Mr. Ngiam Tong Boon, was himself a Hainanese.
The Hainanese are also known for their signature dishes such as the Hainanese Chicken Rice, Hainanese Pork Chops, Hainanese Mutton Soup, Hainanese Salted Fish Soup and Beef Noodle Soup. In Singapore, one can find some of these signature dishes served at the various eateries located along Purvis Street - which is often referred to as "Singapore's Hainan Street".
Hainan Submarine Base
Hainan Submarine Base is a naval base for nuclear submarine in Hainan Island, PRC Thisj underground base has recently reported by several agencies, especially Indian ones. The images collected by Federation of American Scientists in February 2008 shows that China constructed a large scale underground base for its naval forces. This base raises concern over security threat to ASEAN nations, India since it has the capability to cut off all commercial activity in Strait of Malacca and South China Sea in case a crisis occurs.
List of laojiaos in Hainan
Politics of Hainan
The politics of Hainan Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Hainan is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Hainan. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Hainan Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Hainan CPC Party Chief".
#Xu Shijie : 1988-1990
#Deng Hongxun : 1990-1993
#Ruan Chongwu : 1993-1998
#Du Qinglin : 1998-2001
#Bai Keming : 2001-2002
#Wang Qishan : 2002-2003
#Wang Xiaofeng : 2003-2006
#Wei Liucheng : 2006-incumbent
#Liang Xiang : 1988-1989
#Liu Jianfeng : 1989-1993
#Ruan Chongwu : 1993-1998
#Wang Xiaofeng : 1998-2003
#Wei Liucheng : 2003-2007
#Luo Baoming : 2007-incumbent
#Xu Shijie : 1988-1992
#Deng Hongxun : 1992-1993
#Du Qinglin : 1993-2001
#Bai Keming : 2001-2002
#Wang Qishan : January 2003-April 2003
#Wang Xiaofeng : February 2004-December 2006
#Wei Liucheng : February 2007-incumbent
#Yao Wenxu : 1988-1996
#Chen Yuyi : 1996-2003
#Wang Guangxian : 2003-2007
#Zhong Wen : 2007-incumbent
The Governor of Hainan is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Hainan. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Hainan Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Hainan CPC Party Chief".
List of the CPC Hainan Committee Secretaries
#Xu Shijie : 1988-1990
#Deng Hongxun : 1990-1993
#Ruan Chongwu : 1993-1998
#Du Qinglin : 1998-2001
#Bai Keming : 2001-2002
#Wang Qishan : 2002-2003
#Wang Xiaofeng : 2003-2006
#Wei Liucheng : 2006-incumbent
List of Governors of Hainan
#Liang Xiang : 1988-1989
#Liu Jianfeng : 1989-1993
#Ruan Chongwu : 1993-1998
#Wang Xiaofeng : 1998-2003
#Wei Liucheng : 2003-2007
#Luo Baoming : 2007-incumbent
List of Chairmen of Hainan People's Congress
#Xu Shijie : 1988-1992
#Deng Hongxun : 1992-1993
#Du Qinglin : 1993-2001
#Bai Keming : 2001-2002
#Wang Qishan : January 2003-April 2003
#Wang Xiaofeng : February 2004-December 2006
#Wei Liucheng : February 2007-incumbent
List of Chairmen of CPPCC Hainan Committee
#Yao Wenxu : 1988-1996
#Chen Yuyi : 1996-2003
#Wang Guangxian : 2003-2007
#Zhong Wen : 2007-incumbent
Guo Ke Yuan
Guo Ke Yuan is a boarding school in Hainan, an island province of China. It is a K-12 school. In 2006 Guo Ke Yuan hosted a group of American students from California who taught English to several high school classes.
Guangdong Romanization
Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, , , and Hainanese . The schemes utilized similar elements with some differences in order to adapt to their respective spoken varieties.
In certain respects, Guangdong romanization resembles the Mandarin Hanyu pinyin in its distinction of the s ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' from the initials ''j'', ''q'', ''x'', and in its use of ''b'', ''d'', ''g'' to represent the unaspirated plosive consonants . In addition, it makes use of the ''u'' in the before the rather than representing it as ''w'' in the initial when it follows ''g'' or ''k''.
Guangdong romanization makes use of diacritics to represent certain vowels. This includes the use of the circumflex, acute accent, and in the letters ''ê'', ''é'', and ''ü'', respectively. In addition, it uses ''-b'', ''-d'', ''-g'' to represent the consonants rather than ''-p'', ''-t'', ''-k'' like other romanization schemes in order to be consistent with their use as unaspirated plosives in the initial. s are marked by superscript numbers rather than by diacritics.
The scheme for Standard Cantonese is outlined in "The Cantonese Transliteration Scheme" . It is referred to as the Canton Romanization on the LSHK . Although not as popular as other Cantonese romanization schemes such as , Standard Cantonese Pinyin Schemes and Jyutping, it is still used in certain publications, particularly in works released in the People's Republic of China regarding Cantonese.
Unlike the other Cantonese romanziation schemes, Guangdong romanization indicates a difference between the alveolar consonants ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' and the alveolo-palatal consonants ''j'', ''q'', ''x''. Standard Cantonese typically does not differentiate these two types of consonants because they are allophones that occur in complementary distributions. However, speech patterns of most Cantonese speakers do utilize both types of consonants and the romanization scheme attempts to reflect this.
* ''z'', ''c'', and ''s'' are used before finals beginning with ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', ''u'', ''ê'', and ''é''.
* ''j'', ''q'', and ''x'' are used before finals beginning with ''i'' and ''ü''.
Some publications may not bother with this distinction and will choose just one set or the other to represent these consonants.
Finals consist of an optional medial and an obligatory rime.
The only recognized medial in the Cantonese Guangdong romanization is ''u'', which occurs in syllables with initials ''g'' or ''k'' and rimes that begin with ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', or ''o''. In other romanization schemes, this medial is usually grouped along with the initial as ''gw'' and ''kw'', but Guangdong romanization attempts to preserve it as a medial. For simplicity, the ''u'' is sometimes grouped with the initials anyway as ''gu'' and ''ku''.
The ''u'' medial can occur without an initial, but in that case it is considered the same as the initial ''w''. The same is true for the medial ''i'', which is only recognized as the initial ''y''.
* When ''i'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''y'' is used as the initial.
* When ''u'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''w'' is used as the initial.
* When ''ü'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''y'' is used as the initial and the umlaut is omitted.
* When ''ü'' begins a rime in a syllable with initial ''j'', ''q'', or ''x'', the umlaut is omitted.
* The rime ''êü'' can be written as ''êu'', without the umlaut over the ''u''.
* The rimes ''m'' and ''ng'' can only be used as standalone syllables.
There are nine in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese.
In Guangdong Romanization, one may represent the entering tones either together with tones 1, 3, and 6, as in the other Cantonese romanization schemes, or separately as tones 7, 8, and 9. Syllables with entering tones correspond to those ending in ''-b'', ''-d'', or ''-g''.
The scheme for the dialect of Min Nan is outlined in "The Teochew Transliteration Scheme" . This scheme is often referred to as Peng'im, which is the Teochew pronunciation of ''pinyin''.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Teochew article.
The scheme for is outlined in "The Hakka Transliteration Scheme" . The scheme describes the Meixian dialect, which is generally regarded as the de facto standard dialect of Hakka.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Hakka Chinese article.
The scheme for Hainanese is outlined in "The Hainanese Transliteration Scheme" .
In certain respects, Guangdong romanization resembles the Mandarin Hanyu pinyin in its distinction of the s ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' from the initials ''j'', ''q'', ''x'', and in its use of ''b'', ''d'', ''g'' to represent the unaspirated plosive consonants . In addition, it makes use of the ''u'' in the before the rather than representing it as ''w'' in the initial when it follows ''g'' or ''k''.
Guangdong romanization makes use of diacritics to represent certain vowels. This includes the use of the circumflex, acute accent, and in the letters ''ê'', ''é'', and ''ü'', respectively. In addition, it uses ''-b'', ''-d'', ''-g'' to represent the consonants rather than ''-p'', ''-t'', ''-k'' like other romanization schemes in order to be consistent with their use as unaspirated plosives in the initial. s are marked by superscript numbers rather than by diacritics.
Cantonese
The scheme for Standard Cantonese is outlined in "The Cantonese Transliteration Scheme" . It is referred to as the Canton Romanization on the LSHK . Although not as popular as other Cantonese romanization schemes such as , Standard Cantonese Pinyin Schemes and Jyutping, it is still used in certain publications, particularly in works released in the People's Republic of China regarding Cantonese.
Initials
Unlike the other Cantonese romanziation schemes, Guangdong romanization indicates a difference between the alveolar consonants ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' and the alveolo-palatal consonants ''j'', ''q'', ''x''. Standard Cantonese typically does not differentiate these two types of consonants because they are allophones that occur in complementary distributions. However, speech patterns of most Cantonese speakers do utilize both types of consonants and the romanization scheme attempts to reflect this.
* ''z'', ''c'', and ''s'' are used before finals beginning with ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', ''u'', ''ê'', and ''é''.
* ''j'', ''q'', and ''x'' are used before finals beginning with ''i'' and ''ü''.
Some publications may not bother with this distinction and will choose just one set or the other to represent these consonants.
Finals
Finals consist of an optional medial and an obligatory rime.
Medials
The only recognized medial in the Cantonese Guangdong romanization is ''u'', which occurs in syllables with initials ''g'' or ''k'' and rimes that begin with ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', or ''o''. In other romanization schemes, this medial is usually grouped along with the initial as ''gw'' and ''kw'', but Guangdong romanization attempts to preserve it as a medial. For simplicity, the ''u'' is sometimes grouped with the initials anyway as ''gu'' and ''ku''.
The ''u'' medial can occur without an initial, but in that case it is considered the same as the initial ''w''. The same is true for the medial ''i'', which is only recognized as the initial ''y''.
Rimes
* When ''i'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''y'' is used as the initial.
* When ''u'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''w'' is used as the initial.
* When ''ü'' begins a rime in a syllable that has no initial, ''y'' is used as the initial and the umlaut is omitted.
* When ''ü'' begins a rime in a syllable with initial ''j'', ''q'', or ''x'', the umlaut is omitted.
* The rime ''êü'' can be written as ''êu'', without the umlaut over the ''u''.
* The rimes ''m'' and ''ng'' can only be used as standalone syllables.
Tones
There are nine in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese.
In Guangdong Romanization, one may represent the entering tones either together with tones 1, 3, and 6, as in the other Cantonese romanization schemes, or separately as tones 7, 8, and 9. Syllables with entering tones correspond to those ending in ''-b'', ''-d'', or ''-g''.
Examples
Teochew
The scheme for the dialect of Min Nan is outlined in "The Teochew Transliteration Scheme" . This scheme is often referred to as Peng'im, which is the Teochew pronunciation of ''pinyin''.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Teochew article.
Hakka
The scheme for is outlined in "The Hakka Transliteration Scheme" . The scheme describes the Meixian dialect, which is generally regarded as the de facto standard dialect of Hakka.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Hakka Chinese article.
Hainanese
The scheme for Hainanese is outlined in "The Hainanese Transliteration Scheme" .
Danzhou
Boao Forum for Asia
Boao Forum for Asia , abbreviated as BFA, is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization modelled after the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
The founding of BFA was driven by the People's Republic of China and founded by 26 Australasian states on 27 February 2001. The organisation held its first meeting from April 12-13, 2002. It has its fixed address in Bo'ao, Hainan, China, although the Secretariat is based in Beijing.
The BFA holds a high-level annual forum for government, business, experts, and scholars at Boao, with the focus of discussion on economics, integration, cooperation, society, and .
In the past it also focused on China's entry to the World Trade Organization, as well as .
The geopolitical strategy 'China's peaceful rise' was a topic of discussion for the forum in 2004.
In addition to its annual meeting, the BFA also sponsors other forums and meetings related to Asian issues.
The Boao Forum For Asia Annual Conference 2008 was held on April 10-13 2008. It was attended by heads of government from countries including Australia, Pakistan, Norway and Kazakhstan. It also saw the historic meeting of Taiwan's Republic of China Vice President-elect Vincent Siew, with People's Republic of China president Hu Jintao.
The founding of BFA was driven by the People's Republic of China and founded by 26 Australasian states on 27 February 2001. The organisation held its first meeting from April 12-13, 2002. It has its fixed address in Bo'ao, Hainan, China, although the Secretariat is based in Beijing.
The BFA holds a high-level annual forum for government, business, experts, and scholars at Boao, with the focus of discussion on economics, integration, cooperation, society, and .
In the past it also focused on China's entry to the World Trade Organization, as well as .
The geopolitical strategy 'China's peaceful rise' was a topic of discussion for the forum in 2004.
In addition to its annual meeting, the BFA also sponsors other forums and meetings related to Asian issues.
The Boao Forum For Asia Annual Conference 2008 was held on April 10-13 2008. It was attended by heads of government from countries including Australia, Pakistan, Norway and Kazakhstan. It also saw the historic meeting of Taiwan's Republic of China Vice President-elect Vincent Siew, with People's Republic of China president Hu Jintao.
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